Libraries Hacked

Promoting open data and digital prototypes in libraries

4 minute read

There are a few Libraries Hacked projects that rely on up-to-date data to be useful.

Library map gives details of public libraries across the UK, but is using data from a couple of years ago. The data becomes out of date whenever libraries are closed, but also from routine changes like opening hours.

The same for Mobile libraries, which displays information on mobile library timetables, and Libraries at home, which provides various details about your local library service.

To present information publicly you need to either use a reliable data source, or provide a means to update your own data. As no reliable data sources exist for libraries, the only option is to provide a way to update the data.

A system for libraries

Those projects are designed to work with data that conforms to the Public library open data schemas. This just means that data from each service needs to have the same fields, and those fields need to follow certain definitions.

The ideal situation would be that all library services create and maintain that data, either manually or through automation, and publish it openly. The task in providing a national view of that data is to pull together those data sources.

But that’s a big ask. There are a few things library services would need:

  1. Tools to create data in the format that it should be in
  2. Somewhere to maintain and publish that data
  3. Tools for using that data after publishing it, providing an incentive to open publishing.

A new(ish) Libraries Hacked project is Create - Library data, a website designed to provide tools designed to aid library services in creating and using library open data.

Authentication

One task for that site is authentication. How can we provide an easy way for library service staff to ‘log in’ and have access to maintain their own data?

  • There could be usernames and passwords for anyone requiring access. With over 200 library services, it would be difficult to maintain, with staff changing jobs and roles frequently.
  • There could be a single, fixed user account per service. But then people need to share the password around, and what if no-one remembers it?
  • There could be a UK library Shibboleth software implementation, providing single sign on across identity providers. For example, if staff are logged on to their library service computer, it would automatically log them in to the system. This would require expert set up with each IT service.
  • We could limit access by IP address, for each staff network, and maintain those IP lists. It would mean a lot of management for those IP addresses, and potentially impossible for remote workers.

None of these are ideal, or low maintenance.

Instead there is a simple, but also limited, solution. A CSV file on GitHub has a list of email domains and local authority codes, in Government Statistical Service code format. A few example rows are shown below.

Domain Authority Codes Admin
bathnes.gov.uk {E06000022} FALSE
librariesunlimited.org.uk {E10000008,E06000027} FALSE
cilip.org.uk {} TRUE

This grants access based upon the organisation part of an email address. This covers the following types of account:

  1. Local authorities. All local authorities have access to their library service data. In the first row above, Bath and North East Somerset (BathNES) staff have access to modify E06000022 data (the GSS code for that authority).
  2. Commissioned services. In the second row, Libraries Unlimited are granted access to E10000008 and E06000027 data. This is Devon and Torbay, the library services they run.
  3. National organisations. Some other select organisations have ‘Admin’ access. This means that instead of being granted access to particular local services, they can modify any data. CILIP are shown above - other organisations included are the DCMS, Libraries Connected, British Library, and Arts Council.

There are obvious limitations. Access is purely by email domain, so anyone who has an email address for that organisation can modify data. But this isn’t designed to be strict gatekeeping, or securing personal data. It’s just making sure the editing of library service open data isn’t completely available online - and providing library services with some security assurance around data publishing.

How does it work?

The login process is now implemented on the Create website, though there are not many tools yet to make use of those access rights. How does the process work?

  1. A user enters their email address, such as [email protected]
  2. The email domain is validated. If on the approved list it is accepted.
  3. An email is sent to them granting them access via an ‘access token’ link
  4. That link remains valid for 30 days
  5. During those 30 days they can make edits to data for their own library services, or for any service if they have an Admin account.

There are no passwords, no mess, and very few maintenance requirements.

It is implemented in a way that is not specifically for the Create site - it can also be used for other websites. For example, on Mobile Libraries it’ll be used to allow mobile library drivers to log in with a mobile device and become part of GPS tracking for their mobile library.

If you think you have an email address that should work, feel free to try it out! It will not provide access to much at the moment, but is a big step in making that data maintainable.